The only thing greater than the number of letters in the word “differential” is the amount you’ll spend to replace one.
This component is not only a tongue-twister, but it’s also the part of your drivetrain that allows the wheels to turn at different speeds.
Does that sound important? Well, it definitely is!
How much do rear-differential substitutions cost?
If replacing a gasket or bearing or sealing any problem areas isn’t feasible, you will likely spend between $1,500 to $4,000. Ignoring a faulty differential can not only cause further damage but can be hazardous as well.
Fortunately, this brief manual will encompass all the essential information about rear differentials, encompassing their definition, functionality, and categorization.
Afterward, we will examine the signs that suggest yours is failing and what the repair choices are.
Finally, we will examine in depth the precise costs of repairing or replacing a rear differential.
Note: for the sake of syllable count, we’ll often refer to the differential as “diff” (you’re welcome!).
Let’s get the basics down first!
Table of ContentsShow
What Is A Rear Diff, And How Does It Work?
Similar to runners on a track, when turning your vehicle, each wheel travels down a different path. Since each has a different length, they need to be able to rotate at different speeds.
If this wasn’t feasible, the handling of your car would be erratic and dangerous.
This is where the variance comes in.
Power is supplied from the engine via the transmission to a driveshaft connected to the differential. Simply put, the diff takes that power and then splits it between each of the wheels, allowing them to rotate at different speeds.
For an in-depth look at how this process works, view this video.
What Are The Different Types Of Differentials?
Open Differential
This is the most basic type of diff, meaning it’s also the most affordable. It does allow the wheels to turn at different speeds, but it cannot limit power if one loses traction while the other doesn’t. This makes an open differential less than ideal on slippery roads.
Limited-Slip Differential
A limited-slip diff acts just like an open one under normal conditions.
However, a limited-slip diff takes things a step further because it can limit the amount of power it sends should a wheel lose traction. This means that it not only provides improved stability but enhances safety as well.
Locking Differential
Here’s one the off-road enthusiasts will recognize immediately – the locking-rear differential.
In this type of immovable-axle system, clutches and plates activate a lock that causes the amount of power sent to each wheel to be equal.
With all the torque not going to one wheel and not being limited by its reduced traction, it is ideal for situations where traction is crucial.
However, if you are not off-roading or boulder climbing, it is better to unlock it.
Torque-Vectoring Differential
Then there’s the torque-vectoring differential, the most advanced of them all. It combines different sensors and electronics to optimize traction based on what your vehicle is telling it.
A few of these include the surface conditions, the position of the throttle, your use of the brakes, and steering system input.
This means optimal traction, regardless of the situation.
What Are The Signs Of A Bad Rear Differential?
Whining/Grinding Noises
If you notice a whining sound coming from your rear-diff (especially while turning), there’s a good chance you’re low on differential fluid. This lubricates the gears, bearings, and other moving parts, so there’s no metal-on-metal contact.
If this problem persists, it may eventually lead to a grinding or buzzing sound, which suggests the gears have worn out.
Fortunately, replacing the diff fluid every 30,000-50,000 miles should keep this from happening – unless there’s a leak.
Differential Fluid Leak
If the diff fluid is leaking, there’s likely a worn seal that needs to be replaced. When this happens, you may notice a gray or brown liquid under the rear of your car.
Tire Damage
Since the differential helps keep your tires rotating at optimal speeds, you may notice inside tire wear if it’s not working.
This will most likely lead to a blowout eventually if the tire threads sustain too much damage.
Vibrations While Accelerating
If rear-diff problems go untreated, they may damage other drivetrain components, like the universal joins.
When these become worn, you may notice excessive vibrations (especially while accelerating). This is one of the earliest symptoms that suggest your diff is going out.
Handling Issues While Turning
Clearly, if the component in charge of keeping your vehicle stable while turning decides to go out, you’ll experience a decrease in handling.
This can manifest in an extremely erratic way, making it hazardous to continue driving (especially while cornering at high speeds).
What Are The Repair Options For A Rear Diff?
Gasket Replacement
Most rear-diff covers are rubber or silicone, which can deteriorate and dry out over time. To prevent them from leaking, you’ll have to have them replaced. Thankfully, this is a simple repair that shouldn’t take more than an hour.
Bearing Replacement
There are two bearings in a differential, one for the front and one for the lateral.
Once it begins to grind or whir, you’ll have to have one or both of them replaced. Since this requires dismantling the diff, it can take as much as 5-hours to complete, meaning it’s substantially more expensive.
Sealing The Piston And Side
If you notice a puddle of fluid under your car, it may mean that the piston or the side needs to be sealed. Both require a lot of time to repair, especially the latter, since the axle shafts also have to be removed.
Replacing The Rear Differential Entirely
If none of the above repairs are feasible, you may have to have your rear diff replaced entirely.
This is the worst-case scenario, which typically means the gears in the diff are unusable.
How Much Does It Cost To Repair/Replace A Rear Differential?
Repair
If it’s something simple, like replacing a gasket, you shouldn’t spend more than $150-$250.
However, it only goes up from there. Replacing a worn bearing with a new one will run between $200-$400, and sealing the piston or side should cost $400 to $800 due to the extra time required.
Replace
How much does it cost to replace a rear differential entirely?
Depending on the make and model of your car, as well as its condition, expect to spend between $1,500 to $4,000.
The other factor is if you buy a new rear-diff or a used/rebuilt one. A used or rebuilt one will help you save money, but it won’t have the same warranty as a new one.
How Do You Maintain A Rear Differential?
To keep your rear-diff in superb condition, make sure to replace the differential fluid every 30,000-50,000 miles. Also, have your drivetrain inspected each year.
Doing so will ensure that any repairs are simple rather than needing a full differential replacement.
